Quick Decision Guide: MySQL excels in web applications, MariaDB offers enhanced MySQL compatibility with better performance, PostgreSQL dominates complex applications requiring advanced SQL features.
Database Overview & History
MySQL (Since 1995)
The world's most popular open-source database, powering major web applications and known for its reliability and ease of use. MySQL is the "M" in the LAMP stack and remains the go-to choice for traditional web development.
MariaDB (Since 2009)
A MySQL fork created by MySQL's original developers, offering enhanced performance and additional features while maintaining compatibility. MariaDB often shows up to 25% better performance than MySQL in benchmarks.
PostgreSQL (Since 1996)
An advanced object-relational database known for its robustness, advanced features, and strict adherence to SQL standards. Rated as the most loved database by developers in Stack Overflow surveys.
Key Features Comparison
| Feature | MySQL | MariaDB | PostgreSQL |
|---|---|---|---|
| ACID Compliance | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| JSON Support | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Window Functions | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Full Text Search | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Custom Data Types | Limited | Enhanced | ✓ |
| Partitioning | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Performance Analysis
| Metric | MySQL | MariaDB | PostgreSQL |
|---|---|---|---|
| Read Operations (QPS) | 85K | 92K | 78K |
| Write Operations (TPS) | 18K | 20K | 22K |
MariaDB consistently outperforms MySQL in read-heavy workloads due to optimized query execution. PostgreSQL excels in write-intensive scenarios with superior transaction handling.
Use Cases & Applications
MySQL - Perfect For:
- Content Management Systems
- E-commerce platforms
- Social media applications
- Simple reporting systems
- Legacy system integration
MariaDB - Perfect For:
- High-traffic websites
- MySQL migration projects
- Performance-critical apps
- SaaS platforms
- Cloud-native applications
PostgreSQL - Perfect For:
- Financial systems
- Scientific applications
- Geographic information systems
- Data warehousing
- Machine learning applications
- Multi-tenant systems
Key Facts & Statistics
- 39% - MySQL dominates the database market with the largest adoption rate globally
- 25% - MariaDB shows up to 25% better performance than MySQL in many benchmarks
- #1 - PostgreSQL rated as most loved database by developers in Stack Overflow surveys
- 70% - Of Fortune 500 companies use at least one of these three databases
- 30+ - PostgreSQL supports over 30 built-in data types plus custom types
Recommendations by Use Case
Start with MySQL if: You're building your first web app or need maximum hosting compatibility.
Upgrade to MariaDB if: You need better performance while keeping MySQL compatibility.
Choose PostgreSQL if: Your application demands advanced features and data integrity.
Conclusion
There's no universal "best" database—only the best choice for your specific needs. MySQL remains the safe, reliable choice for most web applications. MariaDB offers the perfect upgrade path with enhanced performance. PostgreSQL shines when you need advanced features and complex data handling.
Your decision should be based on your team's expertise, performance requirements, and long-term scalability needs rather than trends or popularity contests.